Views: 0 Author: PEAK Publish Time: 2022-12-21 Origin: Nongjitong
In this world, tractor chassis can be divided into dry land type and paddy field type. The former is heavy and the latter is light, but there is no difference between large and small chassis. However, since the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, there has been a small chassis tractor that can not be put on the table.
Today's topic is large chassis and heavy-duty tractors, but before we talk about large chassis, we must first talk about small chassis tractors. The so-called small chassis means that the tractor with small horsepower has been replaced with an engine and turned into a tractor with higher horsepower. For example, Ningbo series tractors have four basic chassis: 284, 354, 484 and 554, that is, 28 horsepower, 35 horsepower, 48 horsepower and 55 horsepower tractors. Now some enterprises continue to "tap the potential", with 28 horsepower working to 50 horsepower, 35 horsepower working to 70 horsepower and 48 horsepower working to 90 horsepower.
Some manufacturers of Weifang series have even installed a 90 horsepower chassis with a 150 horsepower engine, and a 120 horsepower chassis with 180, 200, or even 220 horsepower tractors. This is called "a big horse pulling a small car". The engine of these models was only replaced, or even the engine was not replaced, but the engine was refreshed. Their chassis, electrical and hydraulic parts were basically the same. These models are called small chassis by manufacturers and dealers in the market, that is, "big horse pulls small car", but they are generally not told to users.
Tractors with small chassis have many problems, such as lack of strength during operation, slipping, gearbox fracture, axle fracture, etc., but why do so many small chassis tractors appear in the market? Even a few well-known big companies have "come together"? The most fundamental reason is the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy.
Before 2020, the national agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy only has power difference for tractors, that is, the larger the horsepower, the more subsidies. For example, in 2017, the subsidy standard of Heilongjiang Province was 77100 yuan for 150 horsepower tractors, and 162000 yuan for 210 horsepower and above tractors, with a difference of 84900 yuan. If someone doesn't need to change anything, they can get a subsidy of 84900 yuan just by changing 150 horsepower to 210 horsepower. I believe that not only the manufacturer but also the buyer will be happy. This is the reason why the small chassis tractor of "big horse pulling small car" is so popular.
Subsidy policy or subsidy rules are fundamental, but not all. There are other reasons for the prevalence of small chassis. For example, there are more and more tractors. On average, the amount of work on each tractor is seriously insufficient, and the tractor can not work for several days in a year. On the one hand, it is more cost-effective for users to buy a small chassis. On the other hand, the amount of work is insufficient, and the frequency of failures is low. It is not easy for users to find a major problem with the machine. Many tractors are only engaged in transportation, sowing, rotary tillage and field management operations, and do not need heavy load operations. Therefore, the horsepower is high, but the requirements for the body are not high, and it is not easy to have problems.
Although the small chassis tractor has its social rationality, it still cannot cover up its "original sin" of obtaining and using more state subsidies, because this deformed industrial chain hides many things that cannot see the sun. For example, subsidy funds and price are inversely linked, and even the dealers who bought the machine have to give cash back to the users. If these problems are the only ones, they are just scabs. The biggest "evil" of small chassis is "bad money drives out good money", that is, the existence of a large number of small chassis tractors has driven a large number of tractors with standard chassis and heavy chassis out of the market, making it impossible for manufacturers who want to do a good job, So we have to choose "co pollution".
Small chassis tractors used to run rampant in the market both inside and outside the Great Wall and across the country. In the most rampant period of 2017-2019, many high-power small chassis tractors can be found at the National Agricultural Machinery Exhibition every year. Some small factories have risen in a short period of time by selling small chassis tractors, and have earned hundreds of millions of yuan of black gold with "original sin".
"If anything is abnormal, it will not last long". The state will start to rectify the problem of "big horse pulling small cars" of tractors at the end of 2020. In 2021, the state subsidy policy has clearly put forward the requirement of mandatory "K value", so small chassis tractors will be reduced. However, "there are policies above and countermeasures below". The Chinese "wisdom" and cunning in the tractor industry make some enterprises still play the sidelines of the government. The phenomenon of "big horses pulling small cars" has converged, but little effect has been achieved.
However, after entering 2022, according to the news from different channels such as the production enterprise, the media and the industry association, the enterprise has started to actively promote the tractors with standard chassis and large chassis. In particular, YTO Group and Weichai Lovol, the leaders of the two domestic agricultural machinery brands, even launched an organized "open fight" in large chassis and heavy-duty tractors, which formed a sharp contrast to the "harmony" that several large factories were competing for in the past few years.
For example, YTO Dongfang Hong has increased the production plan of LD series and LX series models this year, mainly pushing LN2004 and LX2404-D in the northern market, while Lovol has promoted M2004-5G heavy-duty high-power tractors head on head. This model uses a half frame chassis similar to engineering machinery, and its bearing capacity is better than the traditional jointed chassis. Dongfeng Agricultural Machinery, one of the top three, also did not want to miss this hard hitting PK. This year, Xiongfeng series DF2004-2404 heavy tractors, which have been polished for three years, were widely promoted. At the beginning of the design of Xiongfeng series, the basic model was 220 horsepower, covering 200-240 horsepower. The minimum operating quality of the whole machine was 9-10 tons, and the unit mass was about 14 tons.
Under the guidance of these three giants, the domestic tractor industry has indeed seen the return of large chassis. Humvee, Sardinia and other major heavy duty chassis are also high-power tractors. In addition, Junmadao, Luzhong and other major heavy duty models are also recommended.
This is really an interesting and gratifying phenomenon. These two enterprises are the leaders of domestic brands and often play the role of demonstration benchmarks. Their every move will play a "leader effect" on the one hand, and on the other hand, they represent the direction of official and policy to a large extent. So why do large enterprises take the lead in re attaching importance to large chassis tractors this year? After exchanging views with some experts in the production enterprises and the industry, the author sorted out several reasons.
The most fundamental reason is still the guiding role of the subsidy policy. Since the end of 2020, the state has forced all manufacturers' tractors to meet the minimum requirement of "K value", which is also from the end of 2020, first in the northeast, and then expanded to the whole country to guide provincial agricultural machinery management departments to reduce the provincial subsidy for high-power tractors. For example, the subsidy standard for 200 horsepower tractors and above in Heilongjiang Province in 2021 is 63200 yuan, which is nearly 100000 yuan less than the 162000 in 2017.
On the one hand, the subsidy policy has clear requirements on the net mass of tractors. The bottom line of "K value" is 28 or 32. Many provinces have higher requirements on the K value of tractors with higher horsepower, which solves the problem of "big horses pulling small cars" to some extent. Of course, "three days of freezing is not a day of cold". If you want to solve this problem, domestic tractors will not become large chassis overnight.
In terms of policy, it is obvious that it is a kind of correction, but it does not take one size fits all, but gives the enterprise and the entire tractor industry chain time to adjust step by step. For example, John Deere 7M-2204 tractors, with a minimum use quality of 9085Kg and a K value of 41.3, some of the tractors in Kesnew Holland and Aike's peer rate segment even have higher "K values", According to some statistics, the "K value" of tractors of transnational corporations is about 35% higher than that of domestic brands on average.
Under the mandatory requirements of the policy, the "K value" of domestic tractors has been significantly improved, but the path is different. Some enterprises simply increase the weight by using thicker steel or adding counterweights, while some enterprises do systematically optimize the machines. For example, by thickening the gearbox housing, using larger gears and thicker shafts to improve the strength of key parts, the direct result is improved tractor quality, and the indirect effect is increased "K value". The latter is the large chassis tractor or the standard chassis tractor mentioned in this article. Some of these models are still different from those of Deere and Case, but they have made progress compared with the original "big horse pulling small car". From this perspective, the effect of the policy is obvious.
The second is the pulling of heavy load operations such as deep loosening, deep turning and baling. Large chassis tractors have the advantages of high power, high strength and can meet the requirements of heavy load, high strength and long time operation. Otherwise, small chassis light tractors have more advantages if they are used for light load and low-frequency operation.
Of course, the demand for tractors is determined by the operation. What kind of operation there is, there will be what kind of demand. In recent years, the second round of land deep loosening and deep turning operation cycle has come, so the demand for 150 horsepower and above, especially 180-250 horsepower tractors has increased. Deep loosening and deep turning are the most typical heavy load operations, which have enough horsepower. However, if the chassis strength is not enough, there will often be big quality problems such as tooth beating, broken shaft, broken shell, or even broken waist. Users who are knowledgeable in these operations will buy large chassis tractors.
In the past two years, another operation has greatly increased the demand for large chassis tractors. This is the baling operation, especially the big round baler and the big square baler. If the big square baler is Koroney BIGPack1270, BIGPack1290, Ikosame Ferguson MF2270, MF2270-XD, and so on, it is a heavy-duty tractor that needs 200-260 horsepower. Users who buy these brands often buy tractors from multinational companies such as Kaisnew Holland and Deere, However, some users will buy tractors with high horsepower and large chassis from domestic brands such as Dongfanghong, Lovol, Humvee and Huaxia.
Of course, it is not just Dafang Bale. The demand for Dafang Bale is not large in China in a year. The biggest pull for large chassis tractors is big round balers and feed straw balers, especially for domestic 180-230 horsepower tractors.
The third is the awakening of users. In real sales, the author found that small white users or amateur farmers who are greedy for bargains often buy small chassis, while real cooperatives, trans regional operation organizations, and large grain growing households tend to buy imported tractors and large chassis tractors made in China. The so-called "one penny, one penny, one cent" means good. Good products are not cheap, and cheap products are not good. Some users who bought small chassis a few years ago, after learning from their mistakes, When buying tractors again, they will take the initiative to buy models with large chassis.
Of course, the main reason is that the subsidy for high-power tractors has been greatly reduced. There is not much difference between different horsepower segments. When purchasing, users will choose what is suitable for their own use instead of blindly pursuing high horsepower. If they have a real demand for high horsepower, users are also very clear about buying large chassis, even if it costs more.
Conclusion: With the optimization and adjustment of the government, the rational purchase of machines by users, deep loosening and baling and other operation demands, large chassis tractors are accelerating their return. This return is not only a matter of selling thousands of tractors a year, but also a matter of reshaping the entire tractor industry chain and rebuilding the supply chain system. To successfully complete this process, on the one hand, the government should firmly push forward, On the other hand, it is the leading demonstration and responsibility of large enterprises.
